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South Cache Students: When you comment on the blog, you may comment on a post, or comment on another student's comment. Remember that school rules apply, so keep your comments civil and appropriate. Also, school rules say that you should not use your name or any other identifying information into a publicly available website.
Additionally, please make sure that your comment is thoughtful and meaningful. Think about the research and what it means to the people that are trying to protect such a unique place.

Saturday, January 5, 2013

The Day for Research (El Dia De Investigación)


Hola mis estudiantes!

The morning view from our back porch.
Today is the day for research (el dia de investigación) - finally! Currently, our ability to do science and conduct our research has been severely hindered by the park service. We have met many great and helpful people here, but our scientific work thus far in the Galapagos has been thick with red tape. As I sit here watching a gecko scurry around on our cereal box, as well as several baby ants exploring my computer screen, I’m constantly reminded of how lucky we are to be here, despite the many setbacks we’ve experienced. There is no doubt that the park service means well, but they do not share the same feeling of urgency held by our team. As any well-meaning park service does, they have the best interests of the wildlife and land at heart. But it seems that it may be challenging to also balance the idea that our research could provide broader impact-based information that could be used to better monitor and protect the wildlife on these islands. To put it into perspective, we have been here since Tuesday, and will just be starting our research as of today. A strong lesson here for us all is that science (or anything in life) can be very frustrating and ridden with roadblocks and hurdles. As long as we continue to work steadily towards our goals (as our team continues to do here) the likelihood for success and achieving what we set out to do will remain high.

Small Ground Finch on our porch
(Geospiza fuliginosa)
However! Due to our lack of research involvement thus far, we have had time to explore and adventure into much of what the Galapagos has to offer. I want to share a few spectacular examples with you all.

Galapagos Gecko on our porch
(Phyllodactylus spp.)
Two nights ago, while falling asleep to the ocean breeze and the crashing surf, we heard a strange chirping sound outside our window. Thinking nothing of it, we fell asleep, woke up to our ocean view and morning breakfast partner (this Small Ground Finch, Geospiza fuliginosa, another endemic species to the islands)continued through our day, and before we knew it we were ready for bed once more. During our stay here, we have noticed that the life that roams at night is quite different than what we see during the day. Thinking of your own backyard, you may be able to easily relate to this. When the lights go out here on the islands, instead of roaming marine iguanas, soaring and fluttering birds, and noisy sea lions, we start to see wandering geckos, creeping and elegant spiders, and twittering insect life. On this particular night while exploring our back porch, I heard a strange chirping coming from the wall. We grabbed the flashlight, and as we shined it against the stucco, four small geckos scattered about the walls. However, there seemed to be more to it…they weren’t just scurrying away from the light, but were instead being chased away by one particularly gecko, one who may have been defending his territory. These geckos (Phyllodactylus spp.) were chirping while chasing after each other, getting seemingly more aggressive as they scurried about. This seemingly calm, cozy back porch was really quite a bit more for these geckos, as each lizard seemed to be vying for a position on this wall. I’ll make sure to keep my eyes and ears open as best I can for the rest of the trip after this!
Mating Pacific Green Sea Turtles in Tortuga Bay
(Chelonia mydas)
You may be thinking to yourself…Mr. K., this looks like an underwater picture of a mating pair of wild Pacific Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas) taken by your bride-to-be; if you were indeed thinking this, you couldn’t be more correct. While snorkeling in Tortuga Bay (Turtle Bay) on the island of Santa Cruz, two members of our research team happened upon this fearless couple mating amongst a pristine cove no deeper than six feet. Turtles (particularly sea turtles) are incredible, docile, yet very threatened animals with a body plan that has remained virtually unchanged for at least 200 million years. Females sea turtles will lay their eggs on sandy beaches, and both males and females spend the majority of their time (if not all of it) in the open ocean. We had the great opportunity to swim with this pair for almost 20 minutes, being ever vigilant not to disturb them.

Students – science is all about relationships, and more-so, understanding these relationships. When we start to think of our earth as a collection of micro and macro systems - animals, plants, chemicals, reactions, geology, geography, and much, much more – we start to think like scientists.  Trying to understand these relationships is important not only for conservation, but for improving our own personal growth trends and understanding of where we fit into these earth systems.

Since our research will focus on the impacts of tourism on populations of marine iguanas, begin thinking of questions about which you may be curious; begin to think about potential causes and effects of sharing parts of the Galapagos with the entire world. What happens when people come to these shores? How do they get here? Are there any costs? Are there any benefits? It’s time we start to think like scientists. I hope you all have a great weekend and I look forward to reading your posts and comments! 

42 comments:

  1. Which island are you seeing these geckos on?

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    1. Thus far, we have only spent time here on Santa Cruz. This is where we've seen the geckos. I've done a tiny bit of digging, and found nothing substantial. Lots of talk between lumpers and splitters and I have yet to find a decent answer; granted, I haven't been as thorough as you usually are about these types of things, mi amigo. I've found a few spots with some information - http://www.galapagosexpeditions.com/islands/galapagos-geckos.php, http://www.galapagos.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/biodiv2-galapagos-vertebrates.pdf - geckos, I'm learning, are a pain to identify; it's all in the toes. Any wisdom would be helpful!

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    2. Looks like it's probably safe to call them Phyllodactylus galapagensis for now based on your location, although there are some introduced species that could be present there as well. Good luck with those toes!

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  2. I wonder if the geckos are only active at night because of the heat during the day leading them to a nocturnal life. Or do they play equally during the day.

    Bella P. 1st period MacMurdo Science SCJH.

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    1. That's a really interesting question. Being nocturnal can be an evolutionary response to a number of different things. You're really thinking like a scientist here. I'll give you a few examples of why certain animals may be nocturnal. For one, heat could absolutely be an issue (particularly for those animals who may live in an area of high heat during the day and cool temperatures during the night). Also, humidity, food availability, activity levels of predators all fluctuate during both diurnal and nocturnal time periods. This would really be an interesting thing to look at!

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  3. I have never heard of the Galapagos Islands that is super along with the things that live on the island.

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    1. They're small islands in the middle of the ocean, but have some of the most amazing wildlife, plant life, and ecosystems on the planet. I'm happy to share it with you.

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  4. I don't understand why the park services didn't let you and your team research if it can greatly benefit the wild life?
    -Angie (A student in Mr. MacMurdo's class)

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    1. This is a great question, and also a tough question to answer. The work we'll be doing involves drawing blood from the animals, as well as making a small "skin punch" in the top layer of skin. The blood will be used to check hormone levels back in the lab, and the skin punch is a measure to look at how well the animal can heal. We take only a small amount of blood, and the skin bunch is only 2-3 mm wide. Before conducting the skin punch, we numb the area using a local anesthetic. All of these things are to (potentially) show data to the park service that will allow them to make more informed decisions in the future about the tourism industry down here. However, the individuals we were talking to at the time were not scientists, as there was a strong language barrier as well. They are interested in protecting the wildlife as best they can, and they saw a conflict with our research. We needed to do a better job of conveying what we were going to do, as well. However, we were able to work everything out and were able to begin our research.

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  5. If the research can help the life there why wont the park services let you do what u need to?

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    1. This is a great question, and also a tough question to answer. The work we'll be doing involves drawing blood from the animals, as well as making a small "skin punch" in the top layer of skin. The blood will be used to check hormone levels back in the lab, and the skin punch is a measure to look at how well the animal can heal. We take only a small amount of blood, and the skin bunch is only 2-3 mm wide. Before conducting the skin punch, we numb the area using a local anesthetic. All of these things are to (potentially) show data to the park service that will allow them to make more informed decisions in the future about the tourism industry down here. However, the individuals we were talking to at the time were not scientists, as there was a strong language barrier as well. They are interested in protecting the wildlife as best they can, and they saw a conflict with our research. We needed to do a better job of conveying what we were going to do, as well. However, we were able to work everything out and were able to begin our research.

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  6. dude i loved the sea turtles i thought they were fiction on how big they can form.. i love the view from outside

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    1. They can get pretty large, and it is a beautiful view!

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  7. I want to go there!!!!!!!!

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  8. What's the time difference in the galapagos?

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    1. We are in central time down here. It's only 1 hour ahead of Utah time.

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  9. This is a very cool experience not only for you but also for us back here. It is very interesting that we will get to see what you have found in your research. Hope all goes well for your research and no other problems will occur.

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    1. That means a lot and I can't wait to share more with you all. Despite setbacks, we are enjoying our time here and will have a lot of data to go through when we get back! Thanks for the kind comment.

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  10. i think those geckos are really cool.

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  11. I think its very cool that you got this opportunity to go do resarch on these islands. I also wonder why the park serives wont let you do what you need to do to help the wild life?
    Anyways, I find it interesting that there are some geckos that chirp to defend there territory, because I didn't even know they could chirp in the first place. Also, it was probably way cool to see the turtles in there natural home doing their own thing.

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    1. This is a great question, and also a tough question to answer. The work we'll be doing involves drawing blood from the animals, as well as making a small "skin punch" in the top layer of skin. The blood will be used to check hormone levels back in the lab, and the skin punch is a measure to look at how well the animal can heal. We take only a small amount of blood, and the skin bunch is only 2-3 mm wide. Before conducting the skin punch, we numb the area using a local anesthetic. All of these things are to (potentially) show data to the park service that will allow them to make more informed decisions in the future about the tourism industry down here. However, the individuals we were talking to at the time were not scientists, as there was a strong language barrier as well. They are interested in protecting the wildlife as best they can, and they saw a conflict with our research. We needed to do a better job of conveying what we were going to do, as well. However, we were able to work everything out and were able to begin our research.

      These were both brand new experiences for me as well. I'm happy you learned something new! Hopefully you get to see chipring geckos and sea turtles at some point in your life.

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  12. I think it is really cool that you have the chance to see these iguanas. My question is why are they only found on this island?

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    1. It is really great to see them. This is a great question. The current theory is that a long time ago, lizards somehow made it from the western coast of South America to the Galapagos. These lizards are the ancestors to the current marine iguanas. Because of the ecosystems and environment here on the islands, the lizards had to evolutionarily adapt over time. Animals that successfully reproduced passed on their genes, while animals who couldn't survive did not. Now, we have a unique population of marine iguanas that have evolved over a long period of time to best fit this particular environment. Since this is a very unique place, and the lizards from western South America ended up here on the islands, they have evolved to be a very specific and unique animal found nowhere else on the planet.

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  13. I agree with trent that doesn't make any sense.

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    1. This is a great question, and also a tough question to answer. The work we'll be doing involves drawing blood from the animals, as well as making a small "skin punch" in the top layer of skin. The blood will be used to check hormone levels back in the lab, and the skin punch is a measure to look at how well the animal can heal. We take only a small amount of blood, and the skin bunch is only 2-3 mm wide. Before conducting the skin punch, we numb the area using a local anesthetic. All of these things are to (potentially) show data to the park service that will allow them to make more informed decisions in the future about the tourism industry down here. However, the individuals we were talking to at the time were not scientists, as there was a strong language barrier as well. They are interested in protecting the wildlife as best they can, and they saw a conflict with our research. We needed to do a better job of conveying what we were going to do, as well. However, we were able to work everything out and were able to begin our research.

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  14. Well, it definitely looks warmer than it is in Cache Valley.

    I looked up the Galapagos Islands on Wikipedia and it said that there were 13 main islands. How many islands have you visited/plan to visit?

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    1. A friend emailed us a picture of a broken water bottle that cracked due to the freezing temperatures in Cache Valley. Our problems down here are, instead, getting sunburned and spending all day outside on the widest part of the earth. And ants! We can't leave anything laying around...

      We have visited 2 islands so far and will be visiting a total of 4 or 5 for research. This is what we have permits for, but we are waiting to see how much time we have left after starting 4 days late.

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  15. That is soooo coool!

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  16. Do cruise ships go to the island? Do the people get off there? How do the people effect the wilflife?

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    1. Cruise ships do go to the islands - we've seen a lot of them. People travel from the large cruise ships on dinghies (small boats made for dry or wet landings), spend time on the islands, and head back to the boat.

      People can affect the wildlife in many ways. They can litter, they can stress the animal out by getting too close, they can harm the animals, and can just impose stress on the wildlife just by being in its territory. These are just a few examples, but people can have profound impacts on wildlife. Great questions!

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  17. 13 main islands? are there others? this place looks so cool!

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    1. There are a total of 19 islands here, 13 of which are classified as "major islands". The other 6 are smallers islands. They also have dozens of islets as well. And it is the epitome of cool!

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  18. Thats awesome, and such a cool experience, the view is gorgeous and i loved the sea turtles, have you gone swimming?

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  19. I wish that i could go do that. that is awesome experience i hope you can get good and further information

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  20. What is the average life span of the marine iguana???

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    1. To be honest, I'm not quite sure. The land iguanas here can live upwards of 70 years! With most long-lived reptiles, the chance of survival tends to increase as the age of the animals increase. So juveniles have a high mortality rate (picked off by cats, dogs, predators), whereas adult males are probably not too likely to due (unless something extreme happens). So the average life span is highly variable. It's a round about answer, but my guess is that they can make it into at least their 20's, if not more.

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  21. I love the sea turtles they are one of my favorite water animals.

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